- Compare the efforts to ensure European collective security that were made by the victorious powers between 1815 and 1830 (after the Napoleonic Wars) with those made by the victorious powers between 1918 and 1933 (after the First World War.)
- Compare the ways that seventeenth-century absolute monarchs and twentieth-century dictators gained and maintained their power.
- Evaluate the extent to which Catherine the Great and Joseph Stalin were “Westernizers”.
AP European History 